Suchergebnisse

The educational system for Palestinian Arabs in Israel, created by the Labor government, remains separate from & unequal to the system for Jews. Its finances are limited, & its curriculum emphasizes creation of acceptance of Zionism & diminution of the sense of Arab identity, alienating Arab students. Little attention is given to Arab culture, especially its contemporary political concerns. As a result, Palestinian Arabs largely are skeptical about the value of formal education. Those who do attempt to gain higher education find it hard to gain admission, confront culture shock after doing so, & have little chance of gaining employment. Jewish students often display strongly negative attitudes toward Palestinian Arabs. W. H. Stoddard

Objective. This article examines the effects of education & work-related training on wage-growth trajectories for two cohorts of women as they aged from their early 20s & 30s into their early 30s & 40s. I test whether occupational training compensates for an earlier lack of education, thereby decreasing earnings inequality over time within cohorts. Because the broader economic context may influence the relationship between wages, education, & training, I test the assumption that the experiences of a given cohort may be generalized to others. Methods. Following NLS Young Women between 1977 & 1987 & NLSY79 Women between 1988 & 1998, growth-curve analyses test whether returns to investments in human capital vary over time, across & within cohorts. Results. Women who did not update their skills over time experienced stagnation or declines in real wages, leading to growing wage inequality within education levels. However, women without a high school degree who engaged in on-the-job training experienced the greatest returns to training, thus reducing the initial education-based wage gap. Conclusion. Education & training in adulthood can deflect the accumulation of disadvantage, but can also solidify an already uneven distribution of resources across social strata. Tables, Figures, References. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractThis short essay takes stock of where the field of 'labour geography' has got to and where it might productively go. The first part identifies labour geography's signature characteristics as they have emerged over the last 15–20 years. These are its insistence that geography is constitutive of employment issues, its emphasis on worker agency, its analytical promiscuousness, its acute awareness of power and inequality, and its Left sensibility politically speaking. The second part of the essay is programmatic and looks to the future. It is argued that labour geographers ought to more carefully conceptualize and study worker agency; to connect labour migration more organically with existing research on place‐based workers; to develop a more substantive understanding of how states regulate employment and workers' lives; to look to synthesize different geographical dimensions of worker existence and strategy; to aim to examine working peoples' lives holistically; and to be more explicit about the normative basis of their 'pro‐labour' stance and its implications for worker strategy.Résumé Ce texte court examine ce qui a été réalisé dans le domaine de la 'géographie du travail' et les orientations fructueuses qui pourraient être suivies. La première partie détermine les traits identitaires de la géographie du travail qui ont vu le jour au cours des 15 à 20 dernières années: son insistance pour que la géographie soit partie prenante dans les questions d'emploi, son accent sur l'agence des travailleurs, sa promiscuité analytique, sa conscience aiguë du pouvoir et de l'inégalité, et sa sensibilité de gauche au plan politique. La seconde partie, programmatique, s'intéresse à l'avenir et à ce que les géographes du travail devraient faire: conceptualiser et étudier l'agence des travailleurs avec davantage de rigueur; relier de façon plus organique la migration du travail et les recherches existantes sur la main‐d'œuvre locale; offrir une compréhension concrète de la manière dont les Etats régulent l'emploi et la vie des actifs; veiller à synthétiser les différentes dimensions géographiques dans l'existence et la stratégie des salariés; chercher à analyser globalement la vie des populations actives; être plus explicite sur le fond normatif de leur attitude 'pro‐travail' et sur ses implications pour la stratégie des salariés.